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UKUK Building Regulations
References & Sources
Standards Cited
- BS EN 13242 — Aggregates for unbound and hydraulically bound materials for use in civil engineering work
Defines aggregate classifications including MOT Type 1 sub-base material - BS 7533-3 — Pavements constructed with clay, natural stone or concrete pavers
Specifies sub-base and bedding layer depths for paved areas
Formulas Used
- Compacted target volume:
compactedVolume = area × depth
Source: Basic geometry - Loose order volume:
looseVolume = compactedVolume × compactionFactor
Source: BS EN 13242 — A factor of 1.25 means 1.25m3 loose compacts to 1.0m3, a 20% reduction from loose volume - Weight from basis-matched volume:
weight = densityBasisVolume × density × (1 + wastage/100)
Source: Material-specific densities — Use compacted target volume for a compacted density and loose volume for a loose density. Compaction changes bulk volume, not mass. - Delivery units:
units = ceil(orderMass / bagMass) or ceil(looseOrderVolume / loadVolume)
Source: Supplier delivery-unit basis
Key Assumptions
- Quoted bulk densities: loose crushed stone ~1750 kg/m3, loose pea gravel ~1600 kg/m3, compacted MOT Type 1 ~2000 kg/m3 — BS EN 13242 / industry standard
- Sub-base loose-volume factor 1.25 (1.25m3 loose produces 1.0m3 compacted, a 20% reduction) — BS EN 13242 / Highways Agency standards