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CACalifornia Building Code (Title 24)
References & Sources
Standards Cited
- ASTM D3515 — Standard Specification for Hot-Mixed, Hot-Laid Bituminous Paving Mixtures
Defines asphalt/HMA densities, laying depths, and specification for driveways and road surfaces - AASHTO M323 — Standard Specification for Superpave Volumetric Mix Design
Design guidance for asphalt pavement layer thicknesses and material specifications
Formulas Used
- Tarmac volume:
volumeM3 = length x width x (depth / 1000)
Source: Basic geometry - Tonnes required:
tonnesRequired = volumeM3 x density / 1000
Source: ASTM D3515 — Densities: standard 2400, porous 2000, heavy-duty 2500 kg/m3 - Coverage per tonne:
coverageM2 = (tonnes x 1000 / density) / (depthMm / 1000)
Source: ASTM D3515
Key Assumptions
- Asphalt densities: standard 2400 kg/m3, porous/permeable 2000 kg/m3, heavy-duty 2500 kg/m3 — ASTM D3515
- Recommended depths: pathways 25-40mm, driveways (light) 50mm, driveways (heavy) 60-75mm, roads 75-100mm+ — AASHTO M323 / ASTM D3515
- Typical wastage allowance of 5-10% — Industry standard practice