Project Details
5-10% recommended
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CACalifornia Building Code (Title 24)
References & Sources
Standards Cited
- ASTM D2940 — Standard Specification for Graded Aggregate Material for Bases or Subbases
Defines gradation and compaction requirements for crushed stone base materials - AASHTO M 147 — Standard Specification for Materials for Aggregate and Soil-Aggregate Subbases, Bases, and Surface Courses
Classification of aggregate base materials (Class 5, etc.)
Formulas Used
- Compacted target volume:
compactedVolume = area × depth
Source: Basic geometry - Loose order volume:
looseVolume = compactedVolume × compactionFactor
Source: ASTM D2940 — A factor of 1.25 means 1.25m3 loose compacts to 1.0m3, a 20% reduction from loose volume - Weight from basis-matched volume:
weight = densityBasisVolume × density × (1 + wastage/100)
Source: Material-specific densities — Use compacted target volume for a compacted density and loose volume for a loose density. Compaction changes bulk volume, not mass. - Delivery units:
units = ceil(orderMass / bagMass) or ceil(looseOrderVolume / loadVolume)
Source: Supplier delivery-unit basis
Key Assumptions
- Quoted bulk densities: crushed stone ~1750 kg/m3, pea gravel ~1600 kg/m3; each material records whether its density is loose or compacted — ASTM D2940 / industry standard
- Sub-base loose-volume factor 1.25 (1.25m3 loose produces 1.0m3 compacted, a 20% reduction) — AASHTO compaction standards